ESA%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%99%A8%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E8%BE%A8%E7%8E%87%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%EF%BC%8C%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%80%80%E6%96%91%E7%94%B1%E7%BA%A7%E8%81%94%E7%A3%81%E9%87%8D%E8%81%94%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%EF%BC%8C%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E5%87%BA%E5%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B6%E5%9C%A8%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E4%B8%AD%E2%80%9C%E9%99%8D%E4%B8%8B%E2%80%9D%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E5%9B%A2%E5%9D%97%E3%80%82%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%80%80%E6%96%91%E6%98%AF%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%BA%E7%83%88%E7%88%86%E5%8F%91%EF%BC%8C%E5%BD%93%E5%82%A8%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E7%BC%A0%E7%BB%93%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E2%80%9C%E9%87%8D%E8%81%94%E2%80%9D%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E7%AA%81%E7%84%B6%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E6%97%B6%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E3%80%82%E5%87%A0%E5%88%86%E9%92%9F%E5%86%85%EF%BC%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91%E7%9B%B8%E5%8F%8D%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA%E7%BA%BF%E6%96%AD%E8%A3%82%E5%90%8E%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%8C%E6%96%B0%E9%87%8D%E8%81%94%E7%9A%84%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA%E7%BA%BF%E5%8F%AF%E8%BF%85%E9%80%9F%E5%8A%A0%E7%83%AD%E5%B9%B6%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%99%BE%E4%B8%87%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E7%94%9A%E8%87%B3%E9%AB%98%E8%83%BD%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%A6%BB%E5%BC%80%E9%87%8D%E8%81%94%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%80%80%E6%96%91%E3%80%82%E6%9C%80%E5%BC%BA%E7%83%88%E7%9A%84%E8%80%80%E6%96%91%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%91%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A3%81%E6%9A%B4%EF%BC%8C%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B%E5%92%8C%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E5%AE%83%E4%BB%AC%E8%87%B3%E5%85%B3%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%86%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%86%E7%B2%92%E5%BA%A6%E7%BB%86%E8%8A%82%E4%BB%8D%E7%9F%A5%E4%B9%8B%E7%94%9A%E5%B0%91">ESA%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%99%A8%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E8%BE%A8%E7%8E%87%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%EF%BC%8C%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%80%80%E6%96%91%E7%94%B1%E7%BA%A7%E8%81%94%E7%A3%81%E9%87%8D%E8%81%94%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%EF%BC%8C%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E5%87%BA%E5%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B6%E5%9C%A8%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E4%B8%AD%E2%80%9C%E9%99%8D%E4%B8%8B%E2%80%9D%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E5%9B%A2%E5%9D%97%E3%80%82%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%80%80%E6%96%91%E6%98%AF%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%BA%E7%83%88%E7%88%86%E5%8F%91%EF%BC%8C%E5%BD%93%E5%82%A8%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E7%BC%A0%E7%BB%93%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E2%80%9C%E9%87%8D%E8%81%94%E2%80%9D%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E7%AA%81%E7%84%B6%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E6%97%B6%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E3%80%82%E5%87%A0%E5%88%86%E9%92%9F%E5%86%85%EF%BC%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91%E7%9B%B8%E5%8F%8D%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA%E7%BA%BF%E6%96%AD%E8%A3%82%E5%90%8E%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%8C%E6%96%B0%E9%87%8D%E8%81%94%E7%9A%84%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA%E7%BA%BF%E5%8F%AF%E8%BF%85%E9%80%9F%E5%8A%A0%E7%83%AD%E5%B9%B6%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%99%BE%E4%B8%87%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E7%94%9A%E8%87%B3%E9%AB%98%E8%83%BD%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%A6%BB%E5%BC%80%E9%87%8D%E8%81%94%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%80%80%E6%96%91%E3%80%82%E6%9C%80%E5%BC%BA%E7%83%88%E7%9A%84%E8%80%80%E6%96%91%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%91%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A3%81%E6%9A%B4%EF%BC%8C%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B%E5%92%8C%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E5%AE%83%E4%BB%AC%E8%87%B3%E5%85%B3%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%86%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%86%E7%B2%92%E5%BA%A6%E7%BB%86%E8%8A%82%E4%BB%8D%E7%9F%A5%E4%B9%8B%E7%94%9A%E5%B0%91">ESA的太阳轨道器任务的新高分辨率观测显示，太阳耀斑由级联磁重联事件驱动，释放出巨大能量，并在太阳大气中“降下”等离子体团块。太阳耀斑是太阳产生的强烈爆发，当储存在缠结磁场中的能量通过“重联”过程突然释放时发生。几分钟内，方向相反的交叉磁场线断裂后重新连接，新重联的磁场线可迅速加热并加速百万度等离子体甚至高能粒子离开重联点，可能形成太阳耀斑。最强烈的耀斑可能引发地球磁暴，触发无线电中断，因此监测和理解它们至关重要，但能量快速释放的细粒度细节仍知之甚少。
太阳轨道器前所未有的新观测——四个仪器互补工作，提供了迄今最完整的太阳耀斑图像——终于给出答案。极紫外成像仪（EUI）在日冕中放大到几百公里宽的特征，每两秒捕捉变化；SPICE、STIX和PHI分析了从日冕到光球层的不同深度和温度范围。马克斯·普朗克太阳系研究所的Chitta博士称，他们幸运目睹了耀斑前兆事件，此类高时间分辨率观测因窗口有限和内存占用大而罕见，恰好在合适时机捕捉到细节。
太阳轨道器观测揭示了耀斑前和脉冲阶段中心...